Associate 关联对象¶
关联对象用于在运行时给对象绑定额外数据,常见场景是在分类中模拟属性。
底层存储¶
关联对象使用全局哈希表存储关联关系。整个进程里只有一张全局关联对象表。
void
_object_set_associative_reference(id object, const void *key, id value, uintptr_t policy)
{
// This code used to work when nil was passed for object and key. Some code
// probably relies on that to not crash. Check and handle it explicitly.
// rdar://problem/44094390
if (!object && !value) return;
//类的实例不允许关联对象
if (object->getIsa()->forbidsAssociatedObjects())
_objc_fatal("objc_setAssociatedObject called on instance (%p) of class %s which does not allow associated objects", object, object_getClassName(object));
//把object封装成DisguisedPtr这个类
DisguisedPtr<objc_object> disguised{(objc_object *)object};
ObjcAssociation association{policy, value};
// retain the new value (if any) outside the lock.
//关联策略的处理
association.acquireValue();
bool isFirstAssociation = false;
{
AssociationsManager manager;//加锁
AssociationsHashMap &associations(manager.get());//获取,是全局唯一的一张表
if (value) {
auto refs_result = associations.try_emplace(disguised, ObjectAssociationMap{});
if (refs_result.second) {
/* it's the first association we make */
isFirstAssociation = true;
}
/* establish or replace the association */
auto &refs = refs_result.first->second;
auto result = refs.try_emplace(key, std::move(association));
if (!result.second) {
association.swap(result.first->second);
}
} else {
auto refs_it = associations.find(disguised);
if (refs_it != associations.end()) {
auto &refs = refs_it->second;
auto it = refs.find(key);
if (it != refs.end()) {
association.swap(it->second);
refs.erase(it);
if (refs.size() == 0) {
associations.erase(refs_it);
}
}
}
}
}
// Call setHasAssociatedObjects outside the lock, since this
// will call the object's _noteAssociatedObjects method if it
// has one, and this may trigger +initialize which might do
// arbitrary stuff, including setting more associated objects.
if (isFirstAssociation)
object->setHasAssociatedObjects();
// release the old value (outside of the lock).
association.releaseHeldValue();
}
class AssociationsManager {
using Storage = ExplicitInitDenseMap<DisguisedPtr<objc_object>, ObjectAssociationMap>;
static Storage _mapStorage;//静态变量 整个程序运行只有一份
public:
AssociationsManager() { AssociationsManagerLock.lock(); }
~AssociationsManager() { AssociationsManagerLock.unlock(); }
AssociationsHashMap &get() {
return _mapStorage.get();
}
static void init() {
_mapStorage.init();
}
};
typedef DenseMap<DisguisedPtr<objc_object>, ObjectAssociationMap> AssociationsHashMap;
objc_setAssociatedObject¶
objc_setAssociatedObject 会把关联关系写入 AssociationsHashMap。
- key:
DisguisedPtr,表示被关联的实例对象。 - value:
ObjectAssociationMap,表示该对象上的所有关联键值。
typedef DenseMap<const void *, ObjcAssociation> ObjectAssociationMap;
ObjectAssociationMap 内部:
- key:关联对象时传入的 key 指针。
- value:
ObjcAssociation,保存关联策略和值。
objc_getAssociatedObject¶
objc_getAssociatedObject 会通过对象在全局哈希表中找到关联策略和值。
关联对象不需要额外手动管理内存,因为底层会根据关联策略处理持有和释放。
使用案例¶
private var selectIndexKey: Void? // 使用 & 操作符获取变量的指针地址作为关联键
extension UIPickerView {
var selectIndex: Int? {
set {
// 设置关联对象
// 参数说明:
// 1. 目标对象
// 2. 关联键的指针
// 3. 新关联值
// 4. 关联策略(是否强引用 + 是否原子性)
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &selectIndexKey, newValue, .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN)
}
get {
// 获取关联对象
// 参数说明:
// 1. 目标对象
// 2. 关联键的指针
objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &selectIndexKey) as? Int
}
}
}
与 Category 的关系¶
Category 原则上不能直接添加成员变量。通过关联对象,可以在分类中为已有类补充“类似属性”的能力。