线性表
结点¶
小结点和业务结点的首地址重合¶
链表的算法和链表具体业务结点分离:业务结点的第一个域(第一个元素) 放上链表node结点即可。结点重合,省去求偏移。
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传统链表 next指针指向下一个数据域的地址。 业务结点不同,链表next也要变,不好。
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linux内核链表 大千世界包含结点
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表头节点:
链表都有一个表头,不是第一个结点 而是链表的头部。根据表头得到开始的位置,然后插入删除节点的时候,需要从表头指针跳位置。 2. 数据结点: 链表中代表数据元素的结点,包含指向下一个数据元素的指针和数据元素的信息 3. 尾结点: 链表中的最后一个数据结点,其下一元素指针为空,表示无后继
循环链表¶
在普通链表的基础上增加下面新操作:
- 将游标重置指向链表中的第一个数据元素
- 获取当前游标指向的数据元素
- 将游标移动指向到链表中的下一个数据元素
- 直接指定删除链表中的某个数据元素
#ifndef _CIRCLELIST_H_
#define _CIRCLELIST_H_
//链表
typedef void CircleList;
/*
typedef struct _tag_CircleListNode CircleListNode;
struct _tag_CircleListNode
{
CircleListNode* next;
};
*/
//节点
typedef struct _tag_CircleListNode
{
struct _tag_CircleListNode * next;
}CircleListNode;
CircleList* CircleList_Create();
void List_Destroy(CircleList* list);
void CircleList_Clear(CircleList* list);
int CircleList_Length(CircleList* list);
int CircleList_Insert(CircleList* list, CircleListNode* node, int pos);
CircleListNode* CircleList_Get(CircleList* list, int pos);
CircleListNode* CircleList_Delete(CircleList* list, int pos);
//add
//将游标重置指向链表中的第一个数据元素
CircleListNode* CircleList_Reset(CircleList* list);
//获取当前游标指向的数据元素
CircleListNode* CircleList_Current(CircleList* list);
//将游标移动指向到链表中的下一个数据元素
CircleListNode* CircleList_Next(CircleList* list);
//直接指定删除链表中的某个数据元素
CircleListNode* CircleList_DeleteNode(CircleList* list, CircleListNode* node);
#endif
插入元素的分析:
- 普通插入元素(中间位置)
和单向链表是一样
- 尾插法
和单链表是一样的,单链表的写法支持尾插法;
因:辅助指针向后跳length次,指向最后面那个元素
- 头插法 要连成一个环(添加处理)
要进行头插法,需要求出尾节点,和单链表不一样的地方,保证是循环链表
- 第一次插入元素时,让游标指向0号结点
尾插法和普通链表一样。
插入第一个元素 相当于头插法和尾插法重叠。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "CircleList.h"
typedef struct _tag_CircleList
{
CircleListNode header;
CircleListNode* slider;
int length;
} TCircleList;
CircleList* CircleList_Create() // O(1)
{
TCircleList* ret = (TCircleList*)malloc(sizeof(TCircleList));
if (ret == NULL)
{
return NULL;
}
ret->length = 0;
ret->header.next = NULL;
ret->slider = NULL;
return ret;
}
void CircleList_Destroy(CircleList* list) // O(1)
{
if (list == NULL)
{
return ;
}
free(list);
}
void CircleList_Clear(CircleList* list) // O(1)
{
TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
if (sList == NULL)
{
return ;
}
sList->length = 0;
sList->header.next = NULL;
sList->slider = NULL;
}
int CircleList_Length(CircleList* list) // O(1)
{
TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
int ret = -1;
if (list == NULL)
{
return ret;
}
ret = sList->length;
return ret;
}
int CircleList_Insert(CircleList* list, CircleListNode* node, int pos) // O(n)
{
int ret = 0, i=0;
TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
if (list == NULL || node== NULL || pos<0)
{
return -1;
}
//if( ret )
{
CircleListNode* current = (CircleListNode*)sList;
for(i=0; (i<pos) && (current->next != NULL); i++)
{
current = current->next;
}
//current->next 0号节点的地址
node->next = current->next; //1
current->next = node; //2
//若第一次插入节点
if( sList->length == 0 )
{
sList->slider = node;
}
sList->length++;
//若头插法 current仍然指向头部
//(原因是:跳0步,没有跳走)
if( current == (CircleListNode*)sList )
{
//获取最后一个元素
CircleListNode* last = CircleList_Get(sList, sList->length - 1);
last->next = current->next; //3
}
}
return ret;
}
CircleListNode* CircleList_Get(CircleList* list, int pos) // O(n)
{
TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
CircleListNode* ret = NULL;
int i = 0;
if (list==NULL || pos<0)
{
return NULL;
}
//if( (sList != NULL) && (pos >= 0) && (sList->length > 0) )
{
CircleListNode* current = (CircleListNode*)sList;
for(i=0; i<pos; i++)
{
current = current->next;
}
ret = current->next;
}
return ret;
}
CircleListNode* CircleList_Delete(CircleList* list, int pos) // O(n)
{
TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
CircleListNode* ret = NULL;
int i = 0;
if( (sList != NULL) && (pos >= 0) && (sList->length > 0) )
{
CircleListNode* current = (CircleListNode*)sList;
CircleListNode* last = NULL;
for(i=0; i<pos; i++)
{
current = current->next;
}
//若删除第一个元素(头结点)
if( current == (CircleListNode*)sList )
{
last = (CircleListNode*)CircleList_Get(sList, sList->length - 1);
}
//求要删除的元素
ret = current->next;
current->next = ret->next;
sList->length--;
//判断链表是否为空
if( last != NULL )
{
sList->header.next = ret->next;
last->next = ret->next;
}
//若删除的元素为游标所指的元素
if( sList->slider == ret )
{
sList->slider = ret->next;
}
//若删除元素后,链表长度为0
if( sList->length == 0 )
{
sList->header.next = NULL;
sList->slider = NULL;
}
}
return ret;
}
CircleListNode* CircleList_DeleteNode(CircleList* list, CircleListNode* node) // O(n)
{
TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
CircleListNode* ret = NULL;
int i = 0;
if( sList != NULL )
{
CircleListNode* current = (CircleListNode*)sList;
//查找node在循环链表中的位置i
for(i=0; i<sList->length; i++)
{
if( current->next == node )
{
ret = current->next;
break;
}
current = current->next;
}
//如果ret找到,根据i去删除
if( ret != NULL )
{
CircleList_Delete(sList, i);
}
}
return ret;
}
CircleListNode* CircleList_Reset(CircleList* list) // O(1)
{
TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
CircleListNode* ret = NULL;
if( sList != NULL )
{
sList->slider = sList->header.next;
ret = sList->slider;
}
return ret;
}
CircleListNode* CircleList_Current(CircleList* list) // O(1)
{
TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
CircleListNode* ret = NULL;
if( sList != NULL )
{
ret = sList->slider;
}
return ret;
}
//把当前位置返回,并且游标下移
CircleListNode* CircleList_Next(CircleList* list) // O(1)
{
TCircleList* sList = (TCircleList*)list;
CircleListNode* ret = NULL;
if( (sList != NULL) && (sList->slider != NULL) )
{
ret = sList->slider;
sList->slider = ret->next;
}
return ret;
}